Health & Safety at Work: does it apply to you?
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 & Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999
When this applies
Employers have a legal duty to ensure the health, safety, and welfare of employees. This requires a risk assessment, written health and safety policy (if 5+ employees), and in many cases registration with relevant authorities.
Even without employees, self-employed people and business owners have health and safety duties, particularly if customers or members of the public visit your premises.
When it does not apply
Health and safety employer duties primarily apply when you have employees or a premises. Sole traders working alone from home have minimal obligations.
What is at stake
HSE prosecution, unlimited fines, and imprisonment for serious breaches. Improvement and prohibition notices.
What to do
Carry out a written risk assessment covering significant hazards. If you have 5 or more employees, the assessment must be written down. Register with your employer's liability insurer and display the HSE law poster.
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Check your business →Reviewed: 2026-06-25 · Source: official guidance